India thorium

India moves toward thorium in a three-stage long term program to achieve carbon free energy independence. Stage one starts with pressurized heavy water reactors and moves to stage 2 fast breeder reactors to produce plutonium to breed uranium 233 from thorium and finally to advance thorium-based reactors. Step one became operational on April 6, 2026 when 500 Mwe went into service. India not only has the world’s largest supply of thorium but fast breeder reactors can use up stored nuclear waste. Thorium is not by itself fissionable but is changed into uranium 233 and then converted to energy. India will become energy independent by using its vast supplies of thorium.