Smaller chips

Early chips used visible light to imprint the circuits on the disk but to get more in smaller spaces UV light became the way. UV light ranges from 10 to 400 nanometers (nm) and the newest chips are 3 nanometers so how is this possible. Modern machines can use 13 nm light to imprint 3 nm chips by vaporizing tiny droplets of molten tin and using the vapor as a lens to reduce the size to 3 mn much like a light microscope can magnify. These machines are made exclusively by ASML in the Netherlands at a cost of $400 million each. Eventually these will have to be made in the US to protect the chip business from depending on outside sources. In the long run all supply chain materials will have to be made in the US.